Oral Cancer: A Growing Concern in India
Oral cancer, a major type of head-and-neck cancer, remains a serious public health issue in India. Each year, the country reports around 77,000 new cases and more than 52,000 related deaths. The disease most commonly affects men over 40.
Key risk factors include tobacco use (both smoking and chewing), heavy alcohol consumption, betel-nut products, and prolonged sun exposure to the lips. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can also increase risk in certain cases.
Early detection is critical. Unfortunately, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, often after the cancer has spread to neck lymph nodes, which significantly lowers survival rates. When identified early, however, treatment outcomes improve dramatically.
Oral cancer can develop on the lips, tongue, gums, inner cheeks, or the floor of the mouth. Warning signs include persistent sores, red or white patches, unexplained lumps, bleeding, numbness, and difficulty swallowing or chewing. Any lesion lasting longer than two weeks should be evaluated by a dentist or specialist.
Prevention includes avoiding tobacco and betel-nut use, limiting alcohol, protecting lips from excessive sun exposure, regular dental checkups, and HPV vaccination when appropriate.
With timely screening and expert care, many cases can be treated successfully, improving both survival and quality of life.